Country contacts:
Ludwig Kraus
Principal Investigator
Institut für Therapieforschung (IFT)
Parzivalstr. 25
80804 München
Tel: +49 8936080430
2019 Data:
1 Bundesl.
Principal investigator:
Ludwig Kraus
E-mail:
Ludwig Kraus
Principal Investigator
Institut für Therapieforschung (IFT)
Parzivalstr. 25
80804 München
Tel: +49 8936080430
1 Bundesl.
The main purpose of ESPAD is to collect comparable data on substance use in Europe among 16 year old students, in order to monitor trends within as well as between countries.
