The results from the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on the actual variables show overall lower or equal figures compared to the average of all ESPAD countries. The proportion of students who had been drinking any alcohol during the previous 12 months is considerably lower than average (57% compared to 83%) and the same holds true for the proportion who had been drunk during the same period (32 versus 52%). The difference in lifetime smoking, however, is not that big (58 versus 69%) and the 30 days prevalence is the same as the average (37%).