ESPAD Report 2024

ESPAD Report 2024

The latest European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) report is now available for download.

This report presents the results of the eighth data-collection wave, which took place in 2024, and marks an impressive 30 years of data collection by this long-standing collaboration. More than 113 000 15- to 16-year-old students from 37 countries, including 25 EU Member States, took part. Since 1995, over 800 000 students have contributed, making ESPAD the most extensive harmonised data collection on substance use and risk behaviours in Europe, and the largest cross- national research project on adolescent substance use worldwide.

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ESPAD Report 2024

ESPAD Report 2024

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This report presents the results from the seventh wave of data collection, conducted in 35 countries during the spring and autumn of 2024. It gives a comprehensive picture of the present situation among European young people as regards the use of cigarettes, alcohol, illicit drugs, inhalants, new psychoactive substances and pharmaceuticals, but also insights into gambling, social media use and gaming. The report also presents an overview of trends over the time period 1995-2019.

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Related links

The following elements also form part of the ESPAD Report 2024 package:

Launch details

Publication date and time: Tuesday 21 October 2025 at approximately 12PM Central European Summer Time (CEST)
Stay informed: the publication will be announced here as well as on the EUDA website and social media channels

Key findings from the 2024 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD)

ESPAD 2024 Key findings report

The ESPAD 2024 key findings report summarises the key findings from the 8th round of the ESPAD survey. It is available in 33 languages and optimised for online viewing and available on the EUDA website.

Download the Key findings report >>

Data and tables

You can find below a list of the tables and figures which are available for download. There are three categories of data tables:

Tables included in the report

Currently, these tables are available in Excel format as a espad-2024-report-source-tables.xlsx.zip. The list below shows which tables and figures are included.

Tables

  • Table 1. Overview of countries participating in ESPAD data collections 1995–2024
  • Table 2. Sampling characteristics of ESPAD 2024: Perceived availability of substances
  • Table 3a. Perceived availability of substances: prevalence of students responding substance ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain (alcohol, cigarettes, e–cigarettes, water pipes) (percentage)
  • Table 3b. Perceived availability of substances: prevalence of students responding substance ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain (cannabis, cocaine, crack, ecstasy) (percentage)
  • Table 3c. Perceived availability of substances: prevalence of students responding substance ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain (amphetamine, methamphetamine, tranquillisers without medical prescription) (percentage) Early onset of substance use
  • Table 4a. Early onset of substance use: prevalence of students experiencing substance use (cigarettes, daily smoking, e–cigarettes, daily e–cigarettes, alcohol, intoxication) at the age of 13 or younger (percentage)
  • Table 4b. Early onset of substance use: prevalence of students experiencing substance use (cannabis, ecstasy, amphetamine/methamphetamine, cocaine/crack, inhalants) at the age of 13 or younger (percentage) Cigarette use
  • Table 5. Cigarette use: prevalence of lifetime and 30–day use (percentage) E–cigarette use
  • Table 6. E–cigarette use: prevalence of lifetime and 30–day use (percentage) Alcohol use
  • Table 7. Alcohol use: prevalence of lifetime use, 30–day use and intoxication (percentage) Lifetime use of Illicit drug
  • Table 8a. Illicit drug use: lifetime prevalence of the use of any drug, cannabis, ecstasy, amphetamine and methamphetamine (percentage)
  • Table 8b. Illicit drug use: lifetime prevalence of the use of cocaine, crack, LSD or other hallucinogens, heroin and GHB (percentage) Other substance use
  • Table 9. Inhalants, new psychoactive substances and pharmaceuticals: prevalence of lifetime use (percentage) New psychoactive substance (NPS)
  • Table 10a. New psychoactive substances: lifetime prevalence of the use of synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones and synthetic opioids (percentage) Pharmaceutical use for non–medical purposes
  • Table 10b. Tranquillisers, painkillers, attention/hyperactivity drugs without prescription, anabolic steroids and nitrous oxide: prevalence of lifetime use (percentage) Gambling, land-based and online, excessive and problem gambling
  • Table 11a. Gambling for money, land-based and online: prevalence in the last 12 months (percentage)
  • Table 11b. Proportion of types of games among those having gambled for money, land-based and online, in the past 12 months (percentage)
  • Table 11c. Estimation of excessive and problem gamblers among those having gambled in the past 12 months (percentage) Gaming and social media use
  • Table 12a. Average number of hours spent on gaming in the last 30 days on a typical school day
  • Table 12b. Average number of hours spent on gaming in the last 30 days on a typical non-school day
  • Table 12c. Self-perceived problems related to gaming and social media use (percentage) Well–being and prevention
  • Table 13a. Awareness/information events: prevalence in the last 24 months by topic (percentage)
  • Table 13b. Training activities: prevalence in the last 24 months by topic (percentage)
  • Table 14. Overview of ESPAD surveys conducted between 1995 and 2024 by country included in the ESPAD Trend Database 1995-2024: sample size
  • Table 15. ESPAD average for selected indicators based on 32 countries: 1995-2024 (percentage)

Figures

  • Figure 1a. Daily cigarette use: prevalence in the last 30 days (percentage)
  • Figure 1b. Daily cigarette use: prevalence in the last 30 days by gender (percentage)
  • Figure 2a. Daily e-cigarette use: prevalence in the last 30 days (percentage)
  • Figure 2b. Daily e-cigarette use: prevalence in the last 30 days by gender (percentage)
  • Figure 3a. Frequency of alcohol intake in the last 30 days (mean number of occasions among users)
  • Figure 3b. Frequency of alcohol intake in the last 30 days by gender (mean number of occasions among users)
  • Figure 4a. Prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (five or more drinks on one occasion) at least once in the last 30 days (percentage)
  • Figure 4b. Prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (five or more drinks on one occasion) at least once in the last 30 days by gender (percentage)
  • Figure 5a. Prevalence of cannabis use in the last 30 days (percentage)
  • Figure 5b. Prevalence of cannabis use in the last 30 days by gender (percentage)
  • Figure 6a. Frequency of cannabis use in the last 12 months (mean number of occasions among users)
  • Figure 6b. Frequency of cannabis use in the last 12 months by gender (mean number of occasions among users)
  • Fig 7a: Prevalence of high-risk cannabis users (percentage)
  • Fig 7b: Prevalence of high-risk cannabis users by gender (percentage)
  • Figure 8a. New psychoactive substance use: prevalence in the last 12 months (percentage)
  • Figure 8b. New psychoactive substance use: prevalence in the last 12 months by gender (percentage)
  • Figure 9a. Mental well-being: self-assessment in the last 2 weeks (percentage)
  • Figure 9b. Mental well-being: self-assessment in the last 2 weeks by gender (percentage)
  • Figure 10. Countries included in the 32-country average
  • Figure 11. Perceived availability of cannabis by gender: students responding cannabis ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain — 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 12. Daily cigarette use at the age of 13 or younger by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 13. Cannabis use at the age of 13 or younger by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 14. Lifetime use of cigarettes by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 15. Cigarette use in the last 30 days by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 16. Daily cigarette use by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 17. Lifetime alcohol use by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 18. Alcohol use in the last 30 days by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 19. Heavy episodic drinking (five or more drinks on one occasion) during the last 30 days by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 20. Lifetime use of illicit drugs by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 21. Lifetime use of cannabis by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 22. Cannabis use in the last 30 days by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 23. Lifetime use of illicit drugs other than cannabis by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 24. Lifetime use of inhalants by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 25. Lifetime use of tranquillisers or sedatives without a doctor’s prescription by gender: 32-country trend 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 26. Gambling in the last 12 months by gender: 32-country trend 2015-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 27. Gaming in the last 30 days by gender: 32-country trend 2015-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 28. Lifetime use of cigarettes by country: 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 29. Daily use of cigarettes by country: 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 30. Lifetime use of alcohol by country: 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 31. Heavy episodic drinking by country: 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 32. Lifetime use of cannabis by country: 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 33. Cannabis use in the last 30 days by country: 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 34. Lifetime use of illicit drugs other than cannabis by country: 1995-2024 (percentage)
  • Figure 35. Lifetime use of tranquillisers or sedatives without a doctor’s prescription by country: 1995-2024 (percentage)

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Additional tables which are not included in the main report

Currently, these tables are available in Excel format as a single zip file: espad-2024-report-additional-tables.zip. The list below shows which tables are included.

  • Table 1. Perceived availability of cigarettes by gender. Students responding cigarettes 'fairly easy' or 'very easy' to obtain. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 2a. Prevalence of cigarette use. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 2b. Prevalence of cigarette use by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 3a. Cigarette use during the last 30 days. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 3b. Cigarette use during the last 30 days by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 4. Daily cigarette use. Students smoking at least one cigarette per day during past month by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 5. Age of onset for cigarette use. Proportion of boys and girls having tried cigarettes and having smoked cigarettes on a daily basis at the age of 13 or younger. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 6a. Perceived availability of alternative smoking products by gender. Students responding 'fairly easy' or 'very easy' to obtain. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 6b. Prevalence of cigarette and/or e-cigarette use. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 6c. Prevalence of e-cigarette use. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 6d. Prevalence of e-cigarette use by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 7a. e-Cigarette use during the last 30 days. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 7b. e-Cigarette use during the last 30 days by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 8. Age of onset for e-cigarette use. Prevalence of boys and girls having tried e-cigarettes and having used e-cigarettes on a daily basis at the age of 13 or younger. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 9a. Relationship with tobacco when first tried e-cigarettes. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 9b. Relationship with tobacco when first tried e-cigarettes by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 10a. Reason why e-cigarettes have been tried for the first time. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 10b. Reason why e-cigarettes have been tried for the first time, by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 11a. Contents of the first e-cigarette. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 11b. Contents of the first e-cigarette by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 12a. Prevalence of water pipe (shisha) use. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 12b. Prevalence of water pipe (shisha) use by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 13a. Prevalence of moist snuff (snus) use. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 13b. Prevalence of moist snuff (snus) use by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 14a. Prevalence of heat-not-burn tobacco use. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 14b. Prevalence of heat-not-burn tobacco use by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 14c. Prevalence of nicotine pouches use. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 14d. Prevalence of nicotine pouches use by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 15a. Perceived availability of various alcoholic beverages. Proportion responding 'fairly easy' or 'very easy' to obtain. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 15b. Perceived availability of various alcoholic beverages by gender. Proportion responding 'fairly easy' or 'very easy' to obtain. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 16a. Frequency of lifetime use of any alcoholic beverage. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 16b. Frequency of lifetime use of any alcoholic beverage by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 17a. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 12 months. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 17b. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 18a. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 30 days. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 18b. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 30 days by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 19a. Use of various alcoholic beverages during the last 30 days. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 19b. Use of various alcoholic beverages during the last 30 days by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 20a. 'When was the last day you drank alcohol?'. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 20b. 'When was the last day you drank alcohol?' by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 21a. Beer quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 21b. Beer quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 22a. Cider quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 22b. Cider quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 23a. Premixed drinks quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 23b. Premixed drinks quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 24a. Wine quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 24b. Wine quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 25a. Spirits quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 25b. Spirits quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 26a. Estimated average alcohol consumption (centilitres of 100 % alcohol) during the last alcohol drinking day among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption, per beverage and total (a). 2024
  • Table 26b. Estimated average alcohol consumption (centilitres of 100 % alcohol) during the last alcohol drinking day among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption, per beverage and total (a). Boys. 2024
  • Table 26c. Estimated average alcohol consumption (centilitres of 100 % alcohol) during the last alcohol drinking day among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption, per beverage and total (a). Girls. 2024
  • Table 27. Total estimated average alcohol consumption (centilitres of 100 % alcohol) during the last alcohol drinking day among all students including non-drinking students. 2024
  • Table 28. Self-estimated level of intoxication during the last alcohol drinking day by gender. 2024
  • Table 29a. Frequency of having had five or more drinks (a) on one occasion during the last 30 days. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 29b. Frequency of having had five or more drinks (a) on one occasion during the last 30 days by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 30a. Frequency of lifetime drunkenness. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 30b. Frequency of lifetime drunkenness by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 31a. Frequency of being drunk during the last 12 months. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 31b. Frequency of being drunk during the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 32a. Frequency of being drunk during the last 30 days. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 32b. Frequency of being drunk during the last 30 days by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 33a. Proportion of students having drunk (at least one glass) and having been drunk at the age of 13 or younger. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 33b. Proportion of students having drunk (at least one glass) and having been drunk at the age of 13 or younger by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 34a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to enjoy a party. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 34b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to enjoy a party by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 35a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: anti-depressant. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 35b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: anti-depressant by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 36a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to cheer up. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 36b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to cheer up by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 37a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: like the feeling. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 37b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: like the feeling by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 38a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to get high. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 38b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to get high by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 39a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to enhance social gatherings. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 39b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to enhance social gatherings by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 40a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to fit in. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 40b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to fit in by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 41a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to improve parties. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 41b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to improve parties by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 42a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to forget problems. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 42b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to forget problems by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 43a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: it's fun. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 43b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: it's fun by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 44a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to be liked. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 44b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to be liked by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 45a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to not feel left out. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 45b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to not feel left out by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 46a. Perceived availability of various illicit substances. Proportion responding 'fairly easy' or 'very easy' to obtain. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 46b. Perceived availability of various illicit substances by gender. Proportion responding 'fairly easy' or 'very easy' to obtain. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 47a. Frequency of lifetime use of illicit drugs (a). 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 47b. Frequency of lifetime use of illicit drugs (a) by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 48a. Frequency of lifetime use of cannabis. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 48b. Frequency of lifetime use of cannabis by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 49a. Frequency of use of cannabis during the last 12 months. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 49b. Frequency of use of cannabis during the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 50a. Frequency of use of cannabis during the last 30 days. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 50b. Frequency of use of cannabis during the last 30 days by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 51a. Frequency of lifetime use of cannabis mixed with tobacco. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 51b. Frequency of lifetime use of cannabis mixed with tobacco by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 52a. Frequency of use of cannabis resin during the last 12 months. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 52b. Frequency of use of cannabis resin during the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 53a. Frequency of use of weed/skunk during the last 12 months. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 53b. Frequency of use of weed/skunk during the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 54a. Frequency of use of cannabis oil during the last 12 months. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 54b. Frequency of use of cannabis oil during the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 55. CAST item 1: cannabis before midday. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 56. CAST item 2: cannabis alone. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 57. CAST item 3: cannabis memory problems. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 58. CAST item 4: cannabis recommended to quit by friends or family. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 59. CAST item 5: cannabis tried to quit. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 60. CAST item 6: cannabis problems, such as serious argument, fight, accident or problems at school. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 61a. CAST: sum of scores and high-risk users. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 61b. CAST: sum of scores and high-risk users. Boys. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 61c. CAST: sum of scores and high-risk users. Girls. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 62a. Frequency of lifetime use of illicit drugs other than cannabis (a). 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 62b. Frequency of lifetime use of illicit drugs other than cannabis (a) by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 63a. Lifetime use of various illicit drugs. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 63b. Lifetime use of various illicit drugs by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 63c. Lifetime use of stimulants (a). 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 64a. Lifetime use of various substances, intravenous drug use and mixing alcohol with pills. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 64b. Lifetime use of various substances, intravenous drug use and mixing alcohol with pills by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 65a. Frequency of lifetime use of inhalants. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 65b. Frequency of lifetime use of inhalants by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 66a. Frequency of use of inhalants during the last 12 months and last 30 days. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 66b. Frequency of use of inhalants during the last 12 months and last 30 days by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 66c. Lifetime prevalence of pharmaceuticals use (a), by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 66d. Use of inhalants and/or nitrous oxide (a) during lifetime and the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 66e. Use of inhalants/nitrous oxide during lifetime and the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 67a. Age of onset for various substances and mixing alcohol with pills. Proportion answering at the age of 13 or younger. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 67b. Age of onset for various substances and mixing alcohol with pills. Proportion answering at the age of 13 or younger by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 68a. Lifetime abstinence from various substances. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 68b. Lifetime abstinence from various substances by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 69a. New psychoactive substances (NPS): frequency of lifetime use. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 69b. New psychoactive substances (NPS): frequency of lifetime use by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 69c. New psychoactive substances (NPS): lifetime prevalence and proportion of other risk behaviours among users. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 70a. New psychoactive substances (NPS): frequency of use during the last 12 months. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 70b. New psychoactive substances (NPS): frequency of use during the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 71a. New psychoactive substances (NPS): reported appearance among users. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 71b. New psychoactive substances (NPS): reported appearance among users by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 72. New psychoactive substances (NPS): lifetime prevalence of the use of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 73a. Perceived risk from use of various substances. Proportion answering 'great risk' that people harm themselves if they do any of the following. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 73b. Perceived risk from use of various substances. Proportion answering 'great risk' that people harm themselves if they do any of the following. Boys. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 73c. Perceived risk from use of various substances. Proportion answering 'great risk' that people harm themselves if they do any of the following. Girls. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 76a. 'I think I spend too much time on social media'. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 76b. 'I think I spend too much time on social media' by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 77a. 'I get in a bad mood when I cannot spend time on social media'. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 77b. 'I get in a bad mood when I cannot spend time on social media' by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 78a. 'My parents say that I spend way too much time on social media'. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 78b. 'My parents say that I spend way too much time on social media' by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 79a. Hours spent on gaming during the last 30 days on a school day. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 79b. Hours spent on gaming during the last 30 days on a school day by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 80a. Hours spent on gaming during the last 30 days on a non-school day. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 80b. Hours spent on gaming during the last 30 days on a non-school day by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 81a. Average number of days on games during the last 7 days. 2024 (mean)
  • Table 81b. Prevalence of gaming during the last 7 days. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 82a. 'I think I spend way too much time playing games'. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 82b. 'I think I spend way too much time playing games' by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 83a. 'I get in a bad mood when I cannot spend time on games'. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 83b. 'I get in a bad mood when I cannot spend time on games' by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 84a. 'My parents say that I spend way too much time on gaming'. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 84b. 'My parents say that I spend way too much time on gamin'g by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 85. Self-perceived problems with social media use and gaming: screening test. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 85a. Gaming in the last 30 days (either on a school or non-school day) by gender. 2024 and 2019 (percentage)
  • Table 86a. Frequency of money gambling during the last 12 months. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 86b. Frequency of money gambling during the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 87a. Time spent in a day on gambling during the last 12 months. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 87b. Time spent in a day on gambling during the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 88a. Gambling more than 2 hours in the last 12 months. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 88b. Gambling more than 2 hours in the last 12 months by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 89a. Prevalence of money gambling on-site during the last 12 months by type of game and gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 89b. Proportion of money gambling on-site during the last 12 months by type of game and gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 90a. Prevalence of money gambling online during the last 12 months by type of game and gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 90b. Proportion of money gambling online during the last 12 months by type of game and gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 91a. Prevalence of money gambling on-site and online during the last 12 months by type of game and gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 91b. Proportion of money gambling on-site and online during the last 12 months by type of game and gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 100. Problem gambling: Lie/Bet screening test by gender. 2024 (proportion and prevalence, percentage)
  • Table 101a. Excessive gambling: Consumption Screen for Problem Gambling (CSPG) by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 101b. Excessive gambling: Consumption Screen for Problem Gambling (CSPG) by gender. 2024 (percentage)
  • Table 101c. Excessive gambling: prevalence and proportion of other risk behaviours among excessive gamblers during the last 12 months. 2024 (percentages)
  • Table 102. Lifetime use of cigarettes by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 103. Cigarette use in the last 30 days by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 104. Daily cigarette use by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 105. Daily cigarette use at the age of 13 or younger by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 106. Lifetime alcohol use by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 107. Use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 12 months by gender. 1995–2024 (a) (percentage)
  • Table 108. Use of any alcoholic beverage 20 times or more during the last 12 months by gender. 1995–2024 (a) (percentage)
  • Table 109. Alcohol use in the last 30 days by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 110. Use of any alcoholic beverage 10 times or more during the last 30 days by gender. 1995–2024 (a) (percentage)
  • Table 111. Beer consumption during the last 30 days by gender. 1995–2024 (a) (percentage)
  • Table 112. Wine consumption during the last 30 days by gender. 1995–2024 (a) (percentage)
  • Table 113. Spirits consumption during the last 30 days by gender. 1995–2024 (a) (percentage) (b)
  • Table 114. Proportion reporting having had five or more drinks (a) on one occasion during the last 30 days by gender. 1995–2019 (b) (percentage) (c)
  • Table 115. Proportion reporting having had five or more drinks (a) on one occasion, three times or more, during the last 30 days by gender. 1995–2024 (b) (percentage) (c)
  • Table 116. Perceived availability of cannabis by gender; students responding cannabis ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain: trend 1995–2024 (percentage) (a)
  • Table 117. Lifetime use of illicit drugs by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage) (a)
  • Table 118. Lifetime use of cannabis by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 119. Cannabis use during the last 12 months by gender. 1995–2024 (a) (percentage)
  • Table 120. Cannabis use in the last 30 days by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 121. Cannabis use at the age of 13 or younger by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 122. Lifetime use of illicit drugs other than cannabis by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage) (a)
  • Table 123. Lifetime use of ecstasy by gender. 1995–2024 (a) (percentage)
  • Table 124. Lifetime use of tranquillisers or sedatives without a doctor’s prescription by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 125. Lifetime use of alcohol together with pills (a) by gender. 1995–2024 (b) (percentage)
  • Table 126. Lifetime use of inhalants by gender: trend 1995–2024 (percentage)
  • Table 127. Lifetime abstinence from cigarettes, alcohol, inhalants, tranquillisers or sedatives (a) and illicit drugs (b) by gender. 1995–2024 (c) (percentage)
  • Table 128. Overview of ESPAD surveys conducted between 1995 and 2024 by country included in the ESPAD Trend Database 1995–2024. Sample size.

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